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Tafsir Ishraq al-Ma'ani

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Introduction | Wiki
1. Al-Fatihah
2. Al-Baqarah
3. Al-Imran
4. Al-Nisa
5. Al-Maidah
6. Al-Anam
7. Al-Araf
8. Al-Anfal
9. Al-Taubah
10. Yunus
11. Hud
12. Yusuf
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14. Ibrahim
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19. Maryam
20. Ta-Ha
21. Al-Anbiya
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23. Al-Muminun
24. An-Nur
25. Al-Furqan
26. Ash-Shuara
27. An-Naml
28. Al-Qasas
29. Al-Ankabut
30. Ar-Rum
31. Luqman
32. As-Sajdah
33. Al-Ahzab
34. Saba
35. Fatir
36. Yasin
37. As-Saffat
38. Saad
39. Az-Zumar
40. Al-Mumin
41. Ha-Meem-As-Sajdah
42. AShura
43. Az-Zukhruf
44. Ad-Dukhan
45. Al-Jathiyah
46. Al-Ahqaf
47. Muhammad
48. Al-Fath
49. Al-Hujurat
50. Al-Qaf
51. Adh-Dhariyat
52. At-Tur
53. An-Najm
54. Al-Qamar
55. Al-Rahman
56. Al-Waqiah
57. Al-Hadid
58. Al-Mujadalah
59. Al-Hashr
60. Al-Mumtahinah
61. As-Saff
62. Al-Jumuah
63. Al-Munafiqun
64. Al-Taghabun
65. At-Talaq
66. At-Tahrim
67. Al-Mulk
68. Al-Qalam
69. Al-Haqqah
70. Al-Maarij
71. Nuh
72. Al-Jinn
73. Al-Muzzammil
74. Al-Muddhththir
75. Al-Qiyamah
76. Ad-Dahr
77. Al-Mursalat
78. An-Naba
79. An-Naziat
80. Abas
81. At-Takwir
82. Al-Infitar
83. At-Tatfif
84. Al-Inshiqaq
85. Al-Buruj
86. At-Tariq
87. Al-Ala
88. Al-Ghashiyah
89. Al-Fajr
90. Al-Balad
91. Ash-Shams
92. Al-Lail
93. Ad-Duha
94. Al-Inshirah
95. At-Tin
96. Al-Alaq
97. Al-Qadr
98. Al-Bayyinah
99. Az-Zilzal
100. Al-Adiyat
101. Al-Qariah
102. At-Takathur
103. Al-Asr
104. Al-Humazah
105. Al-Fil
106. Al-Quraish
107. Al-Maun
108. Al-Kauthar
109. Al-Kafirun
110. An-Nasr
111. Al-Lahab
112. Al-Ikhlas
113. Al-Falaq
114. An-Nas
Surah 104. Al-Humazah
Verses [Section]: 1-9[1]

Quran Text of Verse 1-9
104. Al-Humazahبِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِوَیْلٌWoeلِّكُلِّto everyهُمَزَةٍslandererلُّمَزَةِۙbackbiter! لَّذِیْThe one whoجَمَعَcollectsمَالًاwealthوَّ عَدَّدَهٗۙand counts it یَحْسَبُThinkingاَنَّthatمَالَهٗۤhis wealthاَخْلَدَهٗۚwill make him immortal كَلَّاNay!لَیُنْۢبَذَنَّSurely he will be thrownفِیinالْحُطَمَةِؗۖthe Crusher وَ مَاۤAnd whatاَدْرٰىكَwill make you knowمَاwhatالْحُطَمَةُؕthe Crusher (is) نَارُA FireاللّٰهِAllahالْمُوْقَدَةُۙkindled الَّتِیْWhichتَطَّلِعُmounts upعَلَیtoالْاَفْـِٕدَةِؕthe hearts اِنَّهَاIndeed itعَلَیْهِمْ(will be) upon themمُّؤْصَدَةٌۙclosed over فِیْInعَمَدٍcolumnsمُّمَدَّدَةٍ۠extended
Translation of Verse 1-9
In the name of Allah, The Kind, The Compassionate

(104:1) Woe1 to every backbiter, slanderer,2

(104:2) Who amassed riches and counted them over.3

(104:3) Thinking that his riches will make him immortal.4

(104:4) No indeed. He shall be hurled into the Crusher.5

(104:5) And what will tell you what the Crusher is?

(104:6) It is Allah’s own kindled Fire6

(104:7) That will rise up to the hearts.7

(104:8) It will be vaulted over them

(104:9) In towering columns.8


Commentary

1. The wayl of the original has also been said to be a valley in Hell (Ibn Jarir).

2. From the varying interpretations that have come to us from authorities such as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah Abu al-`Aliyyah and others, the two words humazah and lumazah (translated as backbiter and slanderer) seem to be synonymous and interchangeable (Ibn Jarir).

Ibn Kathir disagrees: Humazah is someone who slanders in words, whereas lumazah is one who does it in action.

And Sufyan Thawri has said that humazah is one who slanders while lumazah someone who makes signs with his eyes (i.e. a winker) - Qurtubi.

Grammatical construction of the two terms suggests that the allusion is to someone who habitually indulges in backbiting and slander (Zamakhshari).

The commentators have suggested Akhnas b. Shurayq, Walid b. al-Mughira, Jamil ibn `Amir Thaqafi and Ubayy b. Khalf, (or Umayyah b. Khalf) as the possible candidates who all used to backbite the Prophet and his followers, mimic them and make fun of them in a variety of ways. Nonetheless, the verses are general in their application and not specific to them (Zamakhshari, Razi, Qurtubi and others).

The inclusion of Akhnas b. Shurayq’s name sounds doubtful since Ibn Hajr has stated in his `Isabah that he became a Muslim at the fall of Makkah (Alusi).

3. A second meaning is "he lay up (or hoarded) for the future (Shawkani and others).

4. The implication of conditions stated along with the efforts to amass riches, is that it is the inordinate love of wealth and excessive devotion to it that invoked the censor (Thanwi).

5. It is also said that hutamah (translated as Crusher) is one of many names of Hell-fire, such as Jahannum, Saqar and Laza (Ibn Jarir).

6. To say that it is Allah’s own kindled Fire means it is not any ordinary fire, rather of a very special nature, that remains burning, never cooling down.

`Ali (ra) has said: 'Strange of a man who disobeys Allah on the surface of the earth while the Fire is being kindled for him under him!

And a hadith says that Hell-fire was burnt for a thousand years until it became red. Then it was burnt for another thousand years until it became white, and then it was burnt for another thousand years until it became black. Now it is pitch dark (Razi). Also see note 6 of chapter 101 (Au.).

7. The sentence has two other implications. One, that the Fire straightaway reaches the heart and burns it from within, which will be a very painful experience for the victim, the heart being the most tender and sensitive part of the body. And second, the heart has been expressly mentioned because it is the home of denial, pride against truth and the like qualities (Razi).

8. The `amad of the original has been variously understood. After stating various opinions Ibn Jarir rounds off with his own remark that he prefers it be left to what Qatadah has said, viz., the dwellers of Hell will be punished with columns or pillars of some sort.

Maqatil has said that after their portion of Hell has been vaulted over the inhabitants, columns of steel (`amad, pl. of `amud or `imad) will be used to seal it. It is also said that the allusion could be to the chains that will be used to bind them (Shawkani). The term is also used for wooden fetters with which the legs of criminals used to be bound (Zamakhshari, Razi, Qurtubi).

However, the interpretation that has generally come from the mufassirin at this point is that after Hell-fire has been capped up from the top, nothing will be able to escape out nor penetrate in. Therefore the cries of the inmates will not be heard from the outside. Allah will forget them and they will remain within it forever and ever. May Allah save us all (Alusi and others).