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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah An-Nisa 4:163-165 [23/24]
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
۞ إِنَّآIndeed, We
أَوْحَيْنَآhave revealed
إِلَيْكَto you
كَمَآas
أَوْحَيْنَآWe revealed
إِلَىٰto
نُوحٍNuh
وَٱلنَّبِيِّــۧنَand the Prophets
مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ‌ۚafter him,
وَأَوْحَيْنَآand We revealed
إِلَىٰٓto
إِبْرَٲهِيمَIbrahim
وَإِسْمَـٰعِيلَand Ismail,
وَإِسْحَـٰقَand Ishaq
وَيَعْقُوبَand Yaqub,
وَٱلْأَسْبَاطِand the tribes,
وَعِيسَىٰand Isa
وَأَيُّوبَand Ayub,
وَيُونُسَand Yunus,
وَهَـٰرُونَand Harun
وَسُلَيْمَـٰنَ‌ۚand Sulaiman
وَءَاتَيْنَاand We gave
دَاوُۥدَDawood
زَبُورًاthe Zaboor.
﴿١٦٣﴾
وَرُسُلاًAnd Messengers
قَدْsurely
قَصَصْنَـٰهُمْWe (have) mentioned them
عَلَيْكَto you
مِن قَبْلُbefore
وَرُسُلاًand Messengers
لَّمْnot
نَقْصُصْهُمْWe (have) mentioned them
عَلَيْكَ‌ۚto you.
وَكَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُAnd Allah spoke
مُوسَىٰ(to) Musa
تَكْلِيمًا(in a) conversation.
﴿١٦٤﴾
رُّسُلاًMessengers,
مُّبَشِّرِينَbearers of glad tidings
وَمُنذِرِينَand warners,
لِئَلَّاso that not
يَكُونَthere is
لِلنَّاسِfor the mankind
عَلَىagainst
ٱللَّهِAllah
حُجَّةُۢany argument
بَعْدَafter
ٱلرُّسُلِ‌ۚthe Messengers.
وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُAnd Allah is
عَزِيزًاAll-Mighty,
حَكِيمًاAll-Wise.
﴿١٦٥﴾


اِنَّاۤ اَوۡحَيۡنَاۤ اِلَيۡكَ كَمَاۤ اَوۡحَيۡنَاۤ اِلٰى نُوۡحٍ وَّالنَّبِيّٖنَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِهٖ​ ۚ وَاَوۡحَيۡنَاۤ اِلٰٓى اِبۡرٰهِيۡمَ وَاِسۡمٰعِيۡلَ وَاِسۡحٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوۡبَ وَالۡاَسۡبَاطِ وَعِيۡسٰى وَاَيُّوۡبَ وَيُوۡنُسَ وَهٰرُوۡنَ وَسُلَيۡمٰنَ​ ۚ وَاٰتَيۡنَا دَاوٗدَ زَبُوۡرًا​ ۚ‏  وَرُسُلًا قَدۡ قَصَصۡنٰهُمۡ عَلَيۡكَ مِنۡ قَبۡلُ وَرُسُلًا لَّمۡ نَقۡصُصۡهُمۡ عَلَيۡكَ​ ؕ وَكَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ مُوۡسٰى تَكۡلِيۡمًا ​ۚ‏  رُسُلًا مُّبَشِّرِيۡنَ وَمُنۡذِرِيۡنَ لِئَلَّا يَكُوۡنَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللّٰهِ حُجَّةٌ ۢ بَعۡدَ الرُّسُلِ​ ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ عَزِيۡزًا حَكِيۡمًا‏ 

Translation
(4:163) (O Muhammad!) We have revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the Prophets after him,204 and We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the offspring of Jacob, and Jesus and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron and Solomon, and We gave to David Psalms.205 (4:164) We revealed to the Messengers We have already told you of, and to the Messengers We have not told you of; and to Moses Allah spoke directly.206 (4:165) These Messengers were sent as bearers of glad tidings and as warners207 so that after sending the Messengers people may have no plea against Allah.208 Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

Commentary

204. This emphasizes that Muhammad (peace be on him) did not introduce any innovations, and that his essential message was no different from the earlier revelations. What Muhammad (peace be on him) expounded was the same truth which had previously been expounded by the earlier Prophets in various parts of the world and at different periods of time. Wahy means 'to suggest; to put something into someone's heart; to communicate something in secrecy; to send a message'.

205. The 'Psalms' embodied in the Bible are not the Psalms of David. The Biblical version contains many 'psalms' by others and they are ascribed to their actual authors. The 'psalms' which the Bible does ascribe to David do indeed contain the characteristic lustre of truth. The book called 'Proverbs', attributed to Solomon, contains a good deal of accretion, and the last two chapters, in particular, are undoubtedly spurious. A great many of these proverbs, however, do have a ring of truth and authenticity. Another book of the Bible is ascribed to Job. Even though it contains many gems of wisdom, it is difficult to believe that the book attributed to Job could in fact be his. For the portrayal of Job's character in that book is quite contrary to the wonderful patience for which he is applauded in the Qur'an and for which he is praised in the beginning of the Book of Job itself. The Book of Job, quite contrary to the Qur'anic portrayal of him, presents him as one who was so full of grievance and annoyance" with God throughout the entire period of his tribulation that his companions had to try hard to persuade him that God was not unjust. In fact Job is shown in the Bible as one whom even his companions failed to convince that God was just.

In addition to these, the Bible contains seventeen other books of the Israelite Prophets. The greater part of these seem to be authentic. In Jeremiah, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Amos and certain other books, in particular, one often encounters whole sections which stir and move one's soul. These sections without doubt have the lustre of Divine revelation. While going through them one is struck by the vehemence of moral admonition, the powerful opposition to polytheism, the forceful exposition of monotheism, and the strong denunciation of the moral corruption of the Israelites which characterize them. One inevitably senses that these books, the orations of Jesus embodied in the Gospels, and the glorious Qur'an are like springs which have arisen from one and the same Divine source.

206. Revelation in the case of other Prophets meant either that they heard a voice or received a message from an angel. The privileged treatment accorded to Moses was that God communicated with him directly. This communication was similar to one that takes place between two persons, as is fully illustrated by the conversation reported in (Surah Ta Ha 20: 11 ff). This unique privilege of Moses is mentioned in the Bible as well, and in much the same manner. It mentions that the Lord used to speak to Moses 'face to face, as a man speaks to his friend' (Exodus 33: 11).

207. It is emphasized that the essential function of all the Prophets was the same: to announce good tidings of salvation and felicity to those who believe in the teachings revealed by God and mend their conduct accordingly, and to warn those who persist in false beliefs and evil ways that they will have to face dire consequences.

208. God's purpose in sending the Prophets was to establish His plea against mankind. God did not want criminals to have any basis on which to plead that their actions were done in ignorance. Prophets were therefore sent to all parts of the world, and many Scriptures were revealed. These Prophets communicated knowledge of the Truth to large sections of people, and left behind Scriptures which have guided human beings in all ages. If anyone falls a prey to error, in spite of all this, the blame does not lie with God or the Prophets. The blame lies rather with those who have spurned God's message even after having received it, and with those who knew the Truth but failed to enlighten others.