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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah Al-Isra 17:41-52 [5/12]
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
وَلَقَدْAnd verily,
صَرَّفْنَاWe have explained
فِىin
هَـٰذَاthis
ٱلْقُرْءَانِthe Quran,
لِيَذَّكَّرُواْthat they may take heed,
وَمَاbut not
يَزِيدُهُمْit increases them
إِلَّاexcept
نُفُورًا(in) aversion.
﴿٤١﴾
قُلSay,
لَّوْ"If
كَانَ(there) were
مَعَهُۥٓwith Him
ءَالِهَةٌgods
كَمَاas
يَقُولُونَthey say,
إِذًاthen
لَّٱبْتَغَوْاْsurely they (would) have sought
إِلَىٰto
ذِى(the) Owner
ٱلْعَرْشِ(of) the Throne
سَبِيلاًa way."
﴿٤٢﴾
سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥGlorified is He
وَتَعَـٰلَىٰand Exalted is He
عَمَّاabove what
يَقُولُونَthey say
عُلُوًّا(by) height
كَبِيرًاgreat.
﴿٤٣﴾
تُسَبِّحُGlorify
لَهُ[to] Him
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتُ ٱلسَّبْعُthe seven heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضُand the earth
وَمَنand whatever
فِيهِنَّ‌ۚ(is) in them.
وَإِنAnd (there is) not
مِّنany
شَىْءٍthing
إِلَّاexcept
يُسَبِّحُglorifies
بِحَمْدِهِۦHis Praise,
وَلَـٰكِنbut
لَّاnot
تَفْقَهُونَyou understand
تَسْبِيحَهُمْ‌ۗtheir glorification.
إِنَّهُۥIndeed, He
كَانَis
حَلِيمًاEver-Forbearing,
غَفُورًاOft-Forgiving."
﴿٤٤﴾
وَإِذَاAnd when
قَرَأْتَyou recite
ٱلْقُرْءَانَthe Quran,
جَعَلْنَاWe place
بَيْنَكَbetween you
وَبَيْنَand between
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
لَا(do) not
يُؤْمِنُونَbelieve
بِٱلْأَخِرَةِin the Hereafter
حِجَابًاa barrier
مَّسْتُورًاhidden.
﴿٤٥﴾
وَجَعَلْنَاAnd We have placed
عَلَىٰover
قُلُوبِهِمْtheir hearts
أَكِنَّةًcoverings,
أَنlest
يَفْقَهُوهُthey understand it,
وَفِىٓand in
ءَاذَانِهِمْtheir ears
وَقْرًا‌ۚdeafness.
وَإِذَاAnd when
ذَكَرْتَyou mention
رَبَّكَyour Lord
فِىin
ٱلْقُرْءَانِthe Quran
وَحْدَهُۥAlone,
وَلَّوْاْthey turn
عَلَىٰٓon
أَدْبَـٰرِهِمْtheir backs
نُفُورًا(in) aversion.
﴿٤٦﴾
نَّحْنُWe
أَعْلَمُknow best
بِمَا[of] what
يَسْتَمِعُونَthey listen
بِهِۦٓto [it]
إِذْwhen
يَسْتَمِعُونَthey listen
إِلَيْكَto you,
وَإِذْand when
هُمْthey
نَجْوَىٰٓ(are) in private conversation,
إِذْwhen
يَقُولُsay
ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَthe wrongdoers,
إِن"Not
تَتَّبِعُونَyou follow
إِلَّاbut
رَجُلاًa man
مَّسْحُورًاbewitched."
﴿٤٧﴾
ٱنظُرْSee
كَيْفَhow
ضَرَبُواْthey put forth
لَكَfor you
ٱلْأَمْثَالَthe examples;
فَضَلُّواْbut they have gone astray
فَلَاso not
يَسْتَطِيعُونَthey can
سَبِيلاً(find) a way.
﴿٤٨﴾
وَقَالُوٓاْAnd they say,
أَءِذَا"Is it when
كُنَّاwe are
عِظَـٰمًاbones
وَرُفَـٰتًاand crumbled particles,
أَءِنَّاwill we
لَمَبْعُوثُونَsurely (be) resurrected
خَلْقًا(as) a creation
جَدِيدًاnew."
﴿٤٩﴾
۞ قُلْSay,
كُونُواْ"Be
حِجَارَةًstones
أَوْor
حَدِيدًاiron.
﴿٥٠﴾
أَوْOr
خَلْقًاa creation
مِّمَّاof what
يَكْبُرُ(is) great
فِىin
صُدُورِكُمْ‌ۚyour breasts."
فَسَيَقُولُونَThen they will say,
مَن"Who
يُعِيدُنَا‌ۖwill restore us?"
قُلِSay,
ٱلَّذِى"He Who
فَطَرَكُمْcreated you
أَوَّلَ(the) first
مَرَّةٍ‌ۚtime."
فَسَيُنْغِضُونَThen they will shake
إِلَيْكَat you
رُءُوسَهُمْtheir heads
وَيَقُولُونَand they say,
مَتَىٰ"When (will)
هُوَ‌ۖit (be)?"
قُلْSay,
عَسَىٰٓ"Perhaps
أَنthat
يَكُونَ(it) will be
قَرِيبًاsoon."
﴿٥١﴾
يَوْمَ(On) the Day
يَدْعُوكُمْHe will call you
فَتَسْتَجِيبُونَand you will respond
بِحَمْدِهِۦwith His Praise,
وَتَظُنُّونَand you will think,
إِنnot
لَّبِثْتُمْyou had remained
إِلَّاexcept
قَلِيلاًa little (while).
﴿٥٢﴾


وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِىۡ هٰذَا الۡقُرۡاٰنِ لِيَذَّكَّرُوۡا ؕ وَمَا يَزِيۡدُهُمۡ اِلَّا نُفُوۡرًا‏  قُلْ لَّوۡ كَانَ مَعَهٗۤ اٰلِهَةٌ كَمَا يَقُوۡلُوۡنَ اِذًا لَّابۡتَغَوۡا اِلٰى ذِى الۡعَرۡشِ سَبِيۡلًا‏  سُبۡحٰنَهٗ وَتَعٰلٰى عَمَّا يَقُوۡلُوۡنَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيۡرًا‏  تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمٰوٰتُ السَّبۡعُ وَالۡاَرۡضُ وَمَنۡ فِيۡهِنَّ​ؕ وَاِنۡ مِّنۡ شَىۡءٍ اِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدِهٖ وَلٰـكِنۡ لَّا تَفۡقَهُوۡنَ تَسۡبِيۡحَهُمۡ​ؕ اِنَّهٗ كَانَ حَلِيۡمًا غَفُوۡرًا‏  وَاِذَا قَرَاۡتَ الۡقُرۡاٰنَ جَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَ الَّذِيۡنَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِالۡاٰخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَّسۡتُوۡرًا ۙ‏  وَّجَعَلۡنَا عَلٰى قُلُوۡبِهِمۡ اَكِنَّةً اَنۡ يَّفۡقَهُوۡهُ وَفِىۡۤ اٰذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرًا​ ؕ وَاِذَا ذَكَرۡتَ رَبَّكَ فِى الۡقُرۡاٰنِ وَحۡدَهٗ وَلَّوۡا عَلٰٓى اَدۡبَارِهِمۡ نُفُوۡرًا‏  نَحۡنُ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَسۡتَمِعُوۡنَ بِهٖۤ اِذۡ يَسۡتَمِعُوۡنَ اِلَيۡكَ وَاِذۡ هُمۡ نَجۡوٰٓى اِذۡ يَقُوۡلُ الظّٰلِمُوۡنَ اِنۡ تَتَّبِعُوۡنَ اِلَّا رَجُلًا مَّسۡحُوۡرًا‏   اُنْظُرۡ كَيۡفَ ضَرَبُوۡا لَكَ الۡاَمۡثَالَ فَضَلُّوۡا فَلَا يَسۡتَطِيۡعُوۡنَ سَبِيۡلًا‏  وَقَالُوۡۤا ءَاِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَّرُفَاتًا ءَاِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوۡثُوۡنَ خَلۡقًا جَدِيۡدًا‏  قُلۡ كُوۡنُوۡا حِجَارَةً اَوۡ حَدِيۡدًا‏  اَوۡ خَلۡقًا مِّمَّا يَكۡبُرُ فِىۡ صُدُوۡرِكُمۡ​ۚ فَسَيَـقُوۡلُوۡنَ مَنۡ يُّعِيۡدُنَا​ ؕ قُلِ الَّذِىۡ فَطَرَكُمۡ اَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ​ ۚ فَسَيُنۡغِضُوۡنَ اِلَيۡكَ رُءُوۡسَهُمۡ وَيَقُوۡلُوۡنَ مَتٰى هُوَ​ ؕ قُلۡ عَسٰٓى اَنۡ يَّكُوۡنَ قَرِيۡبًا‏  يَوۡمَ يَدۡعُوۡكُمۡ فَتَسۡتَجِيۡبُوۡنَ بِحَمۡدِهٖ وَتَظُنُّوۡنَ اِنۡ لَّبِثۡتُمۡ اِلَّا قَلِيۡلًا‏ 

Translation
(17:41) We have expounded (the Truth) in diverse ways in this Qur'an that they might take it to heart but all this only aggravates their aversion. (17:42) Say, (O Muhammad): "Had there been other gods with Him, as they claim, they would surely have attempted to find a way to the Lord of the Throne.47 (17:43) Holy is He and far above all that they say. (17:44) The seven heavens, the earth, and all that is within them48 give glory to Him. There is nothing but gives glory to Him with His praise,49 though you do not understand their hymns of praise. He is Most Forbearing, Exceedingly Forgiving."50 (17:45) When you recite the Qur'an, We place a hidden barrier between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter; (17:46) and We place a covering on their hearts so that they do not comprehend it, and We cause a heaviness in their ears;51 and when you mention your Lord, the Only True Lord, in the Qur'an, they turn their backs in aversion.52 (17:47) We are well aware of what they wish to hear when they listen to you and what they say when they confer in whispers, when the wrong-doers say: "You are only following one who is bewitched."53 (17:48) Just see how strange are the things they invent about you. They have altogether strayed, and are unable to find the right way.54 (17:49) They say: "When we are turned to bones and particles (of dust), shall we truly be raised up as a new creation?" (17:50) Tell them: "(You will be raised afresh even if) you turn to stone or iron, (17:51) or any other form of creation you deem hardest of all (to recreate from)." They will certainly ask: "Who will bring us back (to life)?" Say: "He Who created you in the first instance." They will shake their heads at you and inquire: "When will that be?"55 Say: "Perhaps that time might have drawn near; (17:52) on the Day when He will call you and you will rise praising Him in response to His call, and you will believe that you had lain in this state only for a while."56

Commentary

47. That is, they would have themselves tried their best to become masters of the Throne. This is because if there had been more than one partners in Godhead, it would produce one of the two results: (1) If they were all independent gods, it was not conceivable that they would agree and cooperate with one another in the management of the boundless universe and there could never have been unanimity, uniformity and balanced proportion in its functioning. There would have been conflict at every step and everyone would have tried to dominate others in order to become its sole master. or (2) if one of them had been the supreme god and the others his obedient servants whom he had delegated some of his powers, then, according to the maxim “power corrupts”, they would never have been content with remaining obedient servants of the supreme god and would have conspired to become the supreme god themselves.

Whereas the fact is that in this universe not even a grain of wheat or a blade of grass can grow unless and until everything in the earth and the heavens cooperate with one another for its production. Therefore, only an utterly ignorant and block headed person can conceive that there are more than one independent or semi independent rulers, who carry on the management of this universe. Anyone who has tried to understand the nature and functioning of the universe will most surely arrive at the conclusion that there is One and only One Sovereign ruling over this universe, and there is absolutely no likelihood of anyone else to be a partner in this at any stage.

48. That is, the entire universe and everything in it bear witness to the fact that their Creator and Guardian is free from each and every fault, defect and weakness, and that He is far above this that there should be any partner or associate in His Godhead.

49. Everything is not only singing hymns of the glory of its Creator but is affording the proof that He is perfect in every respect and worthy of all praise. Everything is an embodiment of the proof that its Creator and Administrator is the one in whom there is perfection of every quality. Therefore, He alone is worthy of praise.

50. That is, it is due to His forbearance and forgiveness that though you are persistently insolent to Him and go on inventing one false thing or the other against Him, He forbears and forgives you. He neither withholds provisions from you nor deprives you of His favors nor strikes an insolent person instantly dead with a thunderbolt. Above all, He is so forbearing and forgiving that He gives long enough respite to the individuals and communities to mend their ways, sends His prophets and reformers for their admonition and guidance and forgives all the past mistakes and errors, if one sincerely repents and adopts the right way.

51. This refers to the divine law according to which those people, who do not believe in the Hereafter, cannot benefit from the Quran. Allah has attributed this law to Himself, as if to say: The natural result of disbelief in the Hereafter is that the heart of such a man becomes dull and his ears become deaf to the message of the Quran, for Quran bases its invitation on the belief in the Hereafter. So it warns the people that they should not be deluded by this apparent aspect of the worldly life if there appears to be none to call them to account here; for it does not mean they are not at all accountable and answerable to anyone. Likewise if Allah allows freedom of belief to practice shirk, atheism, disbelief or Tauhid with impunity in this world, and their practice does not appear to make any practical difference in this world, it does not mean that these things do not produce any results at all. For, in fact, everyone shall be accountable and answerable after death in the next world. Then everyone will realize that the doctrine of Tauhid alone is true and all other doctrines are false. For, if at present the consequences of deeds do not appear after death, they shall inevitably appear, but the reality has now been hidden behind an invisible curtain. There is an inevitable moral law according to which submission to it will bear its fruit and disobedience shall incur its losses. As decisions according to this moral law will be made in the Hereafter. You should not be enticed by the charms of this transitory life. You should, therefore, keep in view that ultimately you shall have to render an account of all your deeds in this world before your Lord, and adopt that true creed and moral attitude which may be conducive to your success in the Hereafter.

From this it must have become obvious that if a man does not believe in the Hereafter, he will never consider the message of the Quran worth his while but will hanker after this world and its joys which he can feel and experience. Naturally his ears will not listen to the message and it will never reach the depths of his heart. Allah has stated this psychological fact in this verse.

In this connection, it should be remembered that the words contained in this verse were uttered by the disbelievers of Makkah as quoted in (Ayat 5 of Surah HamimSajdah): “They say, O Muhammad, a covering has fallen over our hearts, and our ears are deaf for the message you give and there is a curtain between you and us. You may go on with your work and we will do whatever we desire.” Here the same words have been cited, as if to say: You consider this state of yours to be a virtue, whereas this is a curse which has fallen on you according to the divine law because of your disbelief of the Hereafter.

52. That is, they do not like it at all that you should consider Allah alone as your Lord and not mention the Lords they have set up. They seem to think it strange that one should go on praising Allah and never mention the miracles of their elders and saints nor praise them for their favors. For, according to them, Allah has delegated the powers of His Godhead to their great ones. Therefore, they say: What a strange fellow he is! He believes that the knowledge of the unknown, and all the power and authority belong to One Allah alone. Why does he not pay tribute to those who give us children, cure us of diseases, and help make our commerce flourish, in short, fulfill all our wishes and desires.

53. This refers to those devices which they conspired against the message of the Prophet (peace be upon him). They would secretly listen to him, and then hold consultations in order to counteract this. Sometimes it so happened that they suspected that someone had been influenced by the Quran. Then they would sit together and try to dissuade him, saying: How is it that you have been influenced by a person who himself is bewitched by some enemy and talks like this?

54. This is to say that they expressed different opinions at different times which contradicted each other. Sometimes they said: You are a sorcerer. And at other times: You have been bewitched by someone, or you are a poet or you are possessed of some evil spirit. These contradictory things were a proof that they did not know the reality. Otherwise, they would not have invented a different name to suit each occasion. This also shows that they themselves were not sure of the charge they leveled against him. If they called him by one epithet one day, they themselves felt afterwards that it did not fit in. Then they would invent the second epithet and then the third and so on. Thus every new epithet contradicted the previous ones and showed that there was no truth in them, but in their enmity they were inventing one falsehood after the other.

55. “They will shake their heads at you” in astonishment or to express doubt or disapproval or to scoff at you.

56. That is, you will feel as if the intervening period between death and coming again to life on the Day of Resurrection was only a few hours or so, for you will think that you had just woken up after a short sleep by the sudden noise produced on the Day. As regards to you will rise up praising Him, it is a subtle hint towards a great reality. At the time of rising up from death, both the believer and the unbeliever will be uttering the praise of Allah. The believer will do so because in the worldly life also he believed in this creed and practiced it. As regards the unbeliever, he will have the urge to do so because of the inherent and ingrained tendency in him which he had been suppressing by his folly. In the new life all those deliberate suppressions will vanish away and he will involuntarily utter the praise of Allah.